Liver cancer is a serious condition that if left untreated can be deadly. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular cancer. It is more prevalent in men than in women, and accounts for nearly five percent of all liver cancer cases. Much of this is due to lifestyles affecting some of these risk factors listed below.
Men are twice as likely as women to develop cirrhosis (liver cancer). This is due primarily to a lifetime risk of approximately one in six men having the disorder, but also because men consume more alcohol and engage in more risky sexual behaviors. Men who consume alcohol excessively face a greater risk of getting cirrhosis, as do men who drink other harmful substances, such as marijuana. Heavy drinking can cause damage to the liver over a period of time, but that damage is not seen as much in heavy smokers. Smoking can cause serious damage to the lungs, stomach, blood vessels, and can cause significant harm to the brain. That’s why quitting smoking is so important; it’s easier than you think.
Some people are at a higher risk of developing cirrhosis because they already have an impaired liver or a history of liver cancer. Liver cancer is not the only cause of cirrhosis, and liver resection is not always necessary. If a person with cirrhosis is at risk for a rupture, they should get a liver biopsy. Liver cancer has symptoms that often mimic those of other diseases and medical conditions, so a liver biopsy is necessary to determine if a resection is necessary.
Cancer of the pancreas is rare, yet those who have it almost always suffer from pancreatic cancer when they reach middle age. This disease usually starts out like many types of cancer and affects the organs such as the liver, the kidneys, the gallbladder, the intestines and the bile duct. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the typical treatments for pancreatic cancer. Sometimes, a combination of chemotherapy and surgery is necessary to prolong life. Sometimes, however, chemotherapy doesn’t work, especially when pancreas cancer is located very close to the organ.
Some individuals are born with a genetic disposition for fatty liver disease or cirrhosis. Those individuals may develop cirrhosis, even if they never develop any type of fatty liver disease. Someone who consumes too much alcohol, smokes cigarettes, or eats a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet may be at a greater risk of developing cirrhosis. Someone who develops a fatty liver disease but does not have diabetes may also be at a greater risk of developing cirrhosis.
Surgery may be necessary to remove a tumor that causes cirrhosis. In this case, the doctor may recommend that the patient undergo intensive medical treatment combined with surgery to remove the tumor. The patient will need to take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve the pain and nausea that come with the treatment. Other medications may be prescribed to reduce the risks of recurrence. The patient will probably be hospitalized and in need of constant monitoring after the operation.
Chemotherapy is used to treat both types of liver cancer. Side effects from chemotherapy can include vomiting, fatigue, hair loss, nausea, constipation, bone marrow disease, fluid retention, electrolyte imbalance and mouth sores. A person who has liver cancer that is not caught early and treated effectively may suffer from the spread of the tumor to other parts of the body or even the brain. If it spreads to the brain, a person may experience seizures, difficulty walking or talking, decreased vision and hearing ability, and difficulty breathing. A person with liver cancer that spreads to the brain may also develop cognitive impairment, or even death.
People with cirrhosis of the liver are also at risk for developing other serious liver diseases such as thrombocytopenia, or a condition where red blood cells cannot make enough red blood cells (RBCs) to supply the body’s organs. Another serious condition called ischemia is caused by damage to the body’s arterial walls, which cause the flow of arterial blood to decrease and cause heart attack or stroke. Cirrhosis and ischemia are inherited metabolic diseases that must be treated.
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