A cerebrovascular accident or stroke is a sudden interruption of the blood supply to the brain. This is a type of accident that happens due to the failure of the blood vessel wall in the brain. This kind of incident may be sudden or gradual. Stroke symptoms are of two types, namely, ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke occurs when the blood supply is stopped abruptly and results in hemorrhage, whereas hemorrhagic stroke occurs suddenly when the blood flow is excessive and causes the breakage of a blood clot in the arteries of the brain.
The use of antiplatelets is one of the commonly used therapy for stroke symptoms. It is also known as aspirin, warfarin, or carotid-angiotensin-converting enzyme. Most of these medications are capable of reducing the levels of ischemia but it has been observed that some of them have toxic effects on the liver and kidneys. Hence, patients using such medications should be monitored carefully.
Prevention of these diseases through lifestyle is possible. These diseases are more likely to occur in people who smoke heavily, have high blood pressure, and a diet rich in fat and cholesterol. There are various risk factors for ischemic strokes, but the most important are being overweight, long term use of alcohol, and a family history of heart attacks. People who have had a heart attack previously are more prone to this type of stroke than those who have not.
Another factor that increases the chances of developing this condition is the buildup of fatty deposits in the arterial walls. When this blockage is very old, it could result in the partial blockage of the blood vessels supplying the brain. However, there are also circumstances when the accumulation of fatty deposits does not occur and the stroke takes place.
The condition is commonly known as “ischemia”. It occurs when the supply of oxygen to the brain is reduced. The term “ischemia” comes from the word “ischem”, which means “blood” and “clerosis”, which means hardening or narrowing of arteries. When the brain receives insufficient amount of oxygen, it tries to get it from other sources and one of the ways it uses to do this is by gathering or building up a material called “plaque” in the arteries. This plaques often develops into the brain blood clot, which can be very dangerous. When the clot breaks free from the brain it could travel to another part of the body or even to the lung.
Symptoms of ischemic strokes are typically seen within ten minutes or less after the onset of the attack. Some people might feel sudden dizziness, a pounding headache, loss of consciousness, and difficulty in swallowing. On one side of the head, a spot or “white spot” may form. Sometimes these spots are visible only when the head is tilted. These transient ischemic attacks often do not result to any permanent damage.
Two types of treatments are usually used for this type of stroke: open therapy and closed therapy. In the open therapy, doctors will open the skull to remove any excess plaque. This is usually done through the frontal area. On the other hand, in the closed therapy, plastic-coated blocks are placed inside the cranium in such a way as to keep cerebral blood from flowing backwards. Plaque is removed while the blocked blood is passed through the plastic-coated blocks.
Stroke is a life-threatening disease, but with the proper stroke care, it can also be prevented. Stroke sufferers should know about the risk factors for this condition and the different types of therapy available for them. Some of the risk factors include: being male, having a family history, having high blood pressure, obesity, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages and having a diet rich in saturated fats. Smoking, high blood pressure and obesity increase the risk factors for stroke.
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