Children can be diagnosed with cancer at any age. The majority of cancers are not diagnosed until a child reaches the age of five or six. Cancer of the lung, colon, bladder, liver, pancreas, esophagus and prostate are the more common forms of cancer in children. They collectively account for more than 28 percent of all cancer cases in children.
The most commonly occurring types of cancer in children are: acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AMC) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Acute lymphocytic leukaemia is the term used to describe a number of different types of cancer of the lymphatic system. The majority of these types of cancer in childhood occur in males. They include testicular germ cell tumors, cervical and ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, leukemia of the lymph nodes, lymphoma in the bowel, leukemia of the blood and lymphomas. These types of cancer in childhood occur in two out of every three cases.
The second most frequent cancer types in childhood occur in females. They include anal cancer, breast cancer, cervix cancer, genital warts and vaginal cancer. In adults, the most frequent types of cancers are lung cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, lung cancer and skin cancer.
One of the main causes of childhood cancers is inhalation of tobacco smoke. It is also one of the most prevalent causes of cancer in older adults and middle-aged individuals. The risk factors for some types of cancers in younger children and older adults are often genetic, meaning that some families suffer from higher levels of risk than others. Other risk factors include obesity and lack of physical activity.
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood cells and usually occurs in childhood or during early adolescence. Three out of every four cases of leukemia in adults involve the lymphatic system and the bone’s marrow. When children have leukemia, they are diagnosed with non-Hodgkins lymphoma. There are also other types of non-Hodgkins lymphoma, including lymphomas that originate from bone marrow.
When looking at the main types of cancer, the top ones that occur most often are skin cancer, gastrointestinal (gastric) cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, leukemia and stomach cancer. A common cause of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract is intestinal obstruction. Malignant change in the liver is also possible if malignant cells from the liver are present at an early age. If colon cancer occurs in an elderly individual, it is more likely to be due to environmental exposure than a true carcinogen.
The causes of these common types of cancer usually involve some type of chemical substance and can occur at any age group. An example would be asbestos exposure. Another common cause of cancer for young adults is viral infections. Some viruses, such as the human papillomavirus, can cause different types of common cancers in people of all ages.
Other types of cancer can appear in different types of tissue, depending on the type of cell that is affected. For example, epithelial cells, which are found in tissues such as the linings of the mouth and nasal cavities, cannot grow without the help of the tissues around them. Cancer of the epithelial cells appears as a lump or tumor and may cause difficulty breathing and swallowing. When cancer occurs in the breast (mucinous tissue), it may produce a palpable lump in the chest wall and can cause pain. However, you should see your doctor immediately if you notice any of these signs, as they may be signs of a more serious condition, such as an ovarian cyst.
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