Primary bone cancer is the most dangerous of all bone cancers. It forms directly in your bones, often in combination with other cancers, like cancer of the lymph nodes or kidneys. Cancer that forms in your bone may also spread, or metastasise, to other parts of your body, including your brain. This is called secondary bone cancer, and quite a few secondary cancers have been identified in people who have had radiation therapy for bone cancer treatment. The symptoms of bone cancer are not the same as those for cancer that forms in other places in the body. But they are very similar, and you should be aware of them.
Bone cancer is most often discovered in children and adolescents, although it can occur in adults. However, in most of the cases it occurs in people over the age of 40. This tends to be true of secondary bone cancer. Unfortunately, it’s not always possible to detect this disease in its early stages. This is one reason why early detection through ultrasound screening and tissue sampling is extremely important.
Bone cancer is very rare, causing mainly malignant tumors that invade bone tissue (osteoporosis) rather than blood cells. These tumors are extremely unusual in their size and shape, but tend to cluster in a specific area, called a path, rather than spreading out. Paths may also contain groups of cells or tissues rather than just one type of cell.
Bone cancer may also spread from another part of the body into bone tissue. It has recently become possible to determine whether the spread of cancer cells occurs by spontaneous creation (spontaneous formation) or by metastasis. Spontaneous formation is extremely rare. However, when it does occur, it is usually from cancers found in other parts of the body, usually the lungs or heart. Metastatic spread occurs when cancer cells from another part of the body, usually the lymph nodes or abdominal lymphatics, spread to bone tissue.
Most bone cancers appear to be benign, but they might develop into cancer if treatment is delayed or the tumor grows and spreads rapidly. Benign tumors generally have a short life, reaching a median survival time of about five years. Some cancers of the soft tissues are referred to as Ewing sarcoma. This type of bone cancer is more aggressive than benign tumors.
The most common types of bone cancer include osteosarcoma, kidney, lung, esophageal, bladder, leukemia, skin, spinal cord, ovarian, cervical, pancreatic, leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, renal cell, skin, leukemia, lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. There are several different types of surgical procedures that can be used to treat some of these conditions. Cancer cells sometimes break free from the bone and travel to other areas through the blood stream. The various treatments used for treating these various types of bone cancers include:
The surgical procedure to treat most types of bone cancers involves removal of the affected area with the use of an instrument such as a laser scalpel, an axe, a cuticle tool or a titanium screw. The affected area will then be covered with a protective sheet to protect the bone and the surrounding tissues. The doctor may decide to operate on the area under a general or local anesthesia. Sometimes, doctors use a combination of these procedures to minimize risks and further damage to the bone.
If the cancer develops in an area that does not cover too much bone, then it will be much easier to treat. However, if the cancer develops in a particularly critical area, then the recovery is much more difficult. Bone cancer spreads through the bloodstream, liver, lungs, kidneys and other organs. In many cases, the spread of the disease can be very fast or very slow. The speed of spread depends largely on how far the cancer cells have spread through the body. Bone cancer spreads fastest in areas of the body where there is plenty of bone or multiple bones.
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